• NOTE: PRINTING THIS STUDY GUIDE OUT, COMPLETING IT AND TURNING IT IN BY FRIDAY, MAY 27, 2016 WILL EARN YOU 100 BONUS POINTS!! 

    Seventh Grade Science Review                                                                               Name______________________________

     

    CELLS

     

    1.      Be able to recognize the difference b/w a plant and animal cell…

                When shown a diagram what are you looking for to make your determination?

     

    2.      What is the main function of cellular respiration? 

    a.      To direct the cell’s activities

    b.      To produce energy

    c.       To release excess water

    d.      To allow materials to enter and exit the cell

     

    1.      The basic physical unit of life is called ________________.

    A.      a cell                           B. an animal cell                     C. a plant cell

    2.      What type of cell has a cell wall?

    A.      a plant cell                  B. an animal cell

    3.       What organelle directs all the activity in the cell?

    A.      vacuole                        B.  nucleus                   C.  cell membrane                  D.  chloroplast

    4.        What organelle is a thin layer that allows substances to enter and exit the cell?

    A.      cytoplasm                    B.  cell wall                 C.  cell membrane                  D.  chloroplast

    5.       What organelle is a gel-like substance that protects all other organelles inside the cell?

    A.      cytoplasm                    B.  nucleus                   C.  cell membrane                  D.  chloroplast

    6.       What organelle stores food and water and wastes of the cell?

    A.      vacuole                        B.  nucleus                   C.  cell membrane                  D.  chloroplast

    7.      An organism that has a nucleus is called a _____________.

    A.    multicellular              B.  unicellular              C.  eukaryote               D.  prokaryote

    8.      Another word for  many-celled is called________.

    A.      multicellular               B. unicellular               C.  eukaryote               D.  prokaryote

    9.      Another word for one-celled is called________.

    A.   heterotroph                 B.  unicellular              C.  eukaryote               D.  prokaryote

    10.   An organism that has no nucleus is called a______.

    A.   eukaryote                    B.  prokaryote             C.  heterotroph           D.  autotroph

     

    PROTISTS

    11. Be able to recognize and COMPARE: Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena, and Volvox

    a.      Which are AUTOTROPHS, HETEROTROPHS?  (Make their own or gather from outside like humans)

    b.      What structures helps them obtain their food?  Chloroplasts, cilia helps sweep into oral groove, engulf by surrounding

    c.       By what structure does each move? Flagella (bi-flagellate), cilia, cytoplasmic streaming/pseudopodia

    d.      Which can change shape?

     

    BODY SYSTEMS

    1.       What is the BASIC building block of organisms?       _________________

     

    2.      Which of the following indicates the correct representation of the levels of organization in living systems?

     A. ecosystems → organs → organisms → tissues → cells → organ systems

     B. tissues → cells → organ systems → organisms → organs → ecosystems

     C. organisms → tissues → organ systems → cells → organs → ecosystems

     D. cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organisms → ecosystems

     

    3.       Know the FUNCTIONS of the SYSTEMS

    _____1.   Muscular                         A.  produces motion, provides stabilization, generates heat, pumps lymph

    _____2.  Nervous                            B.  helps break down food into smaller parts in order for the body to absorb

                                                                         The nutrients; eliminates solid waste

    _____3.  Cardiovascular                                C.  send electrical signals to the brain to tell the body what to do

    _____4.  Digestive                          D.  removes toxins from the blood; eliminates liquid waste from body

    _____5.  Respiratory                      E.  supplies the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

    _____6.  Excretory                          F.  transports nutrients, oxygen and wastes (carbon dioxide) through the blood

    _____7.  Skeletal                             G. helps to give structural support, protects, and makes blood cells, stores minerals

    _____8. Immune                             H.  helps fight against bacteria, viruses to keep us healthy

     9.  Know HOMEOSTASIS and what it does for the systems

    In order to be able to understand HOMEOSTASIS, you MUST know the FUNCTIONS of the systems

             ~The body’s ability to make adjustments in order to stay in constant balance.

                                    

    Homeostasis in the Digestive and Excretory Systems

    ·The digestive system’s function is to break down food into the nutrients the body can absorb so that these nutrients can be used by the body's cells. 

     

    ·The excretory system (urinary system) helps with the removal of chemical wastes from the body. 

     

    ·Once the digestive system has absorbed what can be used, there are chemical wastes that need to be eliminated which is what the urinary (excretory) system does.  Therefore, homeostasis is managed; the body’s nutrient absorption and elimination of chemical wastes occurs leaving the body in balance.

     

    10. Which two systems are involved when waste and water are removed from blood as it flows through the kidneys?

    A. respiratory and circulatory

    B. digestive and respiratory

    C. digestive and urinary

    D. urinary and circulatory

    GENETICS

    1.    Know the difference between SEXUAL REPRODUCTION and  ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

     Which best describes sexual reproduction in all animals?

    A. Egg and sperm join together.

    B. Pollen and seed join together.

    C. Offspring have traits of only one parent.

    D. Offspring are identical to one parent.

    2.  An ADVANTAGE of ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION is that it does not require FERTILIZATION. What advantage does the

         OFFSPRING OF SEXUAL REPROCUTION most likely have as a result of fertilization?

    A. The DNA variation in offspring may allow survival in a changing environment.

    B. The DNA of the offspring is the same as the parent.

    C. The offspring must use energy to find a mate.

    D. The offspring are identical.

     

    3.  A MAIN ADVANTAGE to organisms that REPRODUCE SEXUALLY is

    A. being able to conserve energy.

    B. having large numbers of offspring.

    C. greater genetic diversity.

    D. longer life spans

     

    4.  In which cell is there is an absence of homologous (SAME) chromosomes?     A. bone     B. gamete    C. liver     D. skin

    5. Know the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MITOSIS and MEIOSIS

                    A human body cell has 46 chromosomes.   Which diagram represents MITOSIS in a human body cell?

                               

    6.  Know the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN a SPERM CELL and an EGG CELL (SEX CELLS)

    7.  How would offspring be affected if there was a MUTATION in the SEX CELLS versus a mutation in a REGULAR

         (SOMATIC) CELL?

     

    8.  Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes. Which best describes what can only occur after meiosis?

    A. Parent cells can be either haploid or diploid.

    B. Products of cell division result in identical genotypes.

    C. Four daughter cells are produced by a single parent cell.

    D. The number of chromosomes per nucleus remains the same after division.

     

     

     

    9.    Know PHENOTYPES versus GENOTYPES and how to interpret a PEDIGREE (FAMILY TREE)

    Allele A is dominant in mice and allele a is recessive. Two mice with the gene combination Aa breed and produce four offspring as shown below. Which offspring has the recessive phenotype?

    A. 1        B. 2         C. 3         D. 4

       

    10.   Know HOMOZYGOUS and HETEROZYGOUS ALLELES and how to use PUNNETT SQUARES

    Use the Punnett square to answer the question that follows.  In a monohybrid cross between two organisms 

    heterozygous for a particular trait (Ff), what would be the predicted ratio of the offspring's genotypes?

    A. 1 FF: 3 Ff: 1 ff

    B. 1 FF: 2 Ff: 1 ff

    C. 2 FF: 2 Ff

    D. 3 Ff: 1 ff

     

     11.  A red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (WW) and produces plants withpink flowers 

    (RW).  If two pink flowered plants are crossed, what color offspring could be produced?

    A. red, white, and pink

    B. red and white

    C. pink and red

    D. pink and white

     

    12.   Know the how to distinguish the difference between ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, LIFE-STYLE CHOICES and

    GENETIC FACTORS on a person’s HEALTH or QUALITY OF LIFE

    Below are some INFLUENCES ON A PERSON’S QUALITY OF LIFE.   Which is least controlled by human behavior?

    A. 1      B. 2      C. 3       D. 4

                   

    13.    In a population of cats, the gene for long hair (H) is dominant and the gene for short hair (h) is recessive. A breeder crosses a heterozygous long­haired male with a homozygous short­haired female. In a litter of four kittens, what percentage should the breeder expect to have long hair?

     

     A.   25% B.   50% C.   75% D. 100%